Galactic Components : Quasars, Rings (or bars, as the orbitals of rings of constituted of stars may appear when viewed head-on via telescopy), and Arms
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"A merger of two galaxies is one ... disruption. As the galaxies combine ..., ... enormous amount of high-energy radiation is released as material spirals rapidly ..., which becomes what astronomers call an active galactic nucleus (AGN).
A study using NASA's NuSTAR telescope shows that in the late stages of galaxy mergers, ... the extremely bright AGN is enshrouded. The combined effect of the gravity of the two galaxies slows the rotational speeds of gas and dust that would otherwise be orbiting freely. ...
"The further along the merger is, the more enshrouded the AGN will be ... . Galaxies that are far along in the merging process are completely covered in a cocoon of gas and dust.""
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/merging-galaxies-have-enshrouded-black-holes
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"An active galactic nucleus (AGN) is a compact region at the center of a galaxy that has a much-higher-than-normal luminosity over at least some portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with characteristics indicating that the luminosity is not produced by stars. Such excess non-stellar emission has been observed in the radio, microwave, infrared, optical, ultra-violet, X-ray and gamma ray wavebands. A galaxy hosting an AGN is called an "active galaxy"."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_galactic_nucleus
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"Many galaxies have very bright nuclei, so bright that the central region can be more luminous than the remaining galaxy light. These nuclei are called active galactic nuclei, or AGN for short. Much of the energy output of AGNs is of a non-thermal (non-stellar) type of emission, with many AGN being strong emitters of X-rays, radio and ultraviolet radiation, as well as optical radiation. AGN can vary in luminosity on short (hours or days) timescales. ...
Quasars are the most luminous AGN. ... Blazars are a class of AGN that are radio sources ... . ...
Moving outwards from the centre of the AGN fast moving gas clouds exist at a distance ~ 100 light days ... .
Continuing outwards, at ~ 100 light years in diameter, a molecular doughnut or torus of colder gas exists. ... If we can look directly into the torus (if it is tilted at 90 degrees to our line of sight), we look face-on at the nucleus and jets. Radiation from the jet moves close to the speed of light and can be beamed, and can be variable on periods from hours to days."
https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/A/Active+Galactic+Nuclei
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"A quasar (/ˈkweɪzɑːr/; also known as a quasi-stellar object, abbreviated QSO) is an extremely luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN), .. with mass ranging from millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun is surrounded by a gaseous accretion disk."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar
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"Webb’s larger mirror will provide more than 4 times the resolution, enabling astronomers to separate the galaxy’s light from the overwhelming light of the central quasar. ... Quasars are so bright that they can outshine their entire host galaxy, making it difficult to study those galaxies and compare them to galaxies without quasars. ... They outshine entire galaxies of billions of stars. ... Although quasars are known to reside at the centers of galaxies, it’s been difficult to tell what those galaxies are like and how they compare to galaxies without quasars. The challenge is that the quasar’s glare makes it difficult or impossible to tease out the light of the surrounding host galaxy. "
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"Seyfert galaxies are one of the two largest groups of active galaxies, along with quasars. They have quasar-like nuclei (very luminous, distant and bright sources of electromagnetic radiation) with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines,[1] but unlike quasars, their host galaxies are clearly detectable.[2]"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyfert_galaxy
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"Nuclear rings are star-forming configurations around galactic nuclei. They may vary in diameter from 500 to 3,000 light years, and are relatively bright due to an abundance of young stars, some of which are extremely massive and consequently enjoy short, very bright lives before ending as supernovae. [3]" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AINUR
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"Regarding nuclear rings, it has been widely accepted that rings
form via resonant interactions of the gas with the bar potential. ...
Yet, there is no convincing theoretical argument. ...
– Resonance tends to disperse the material, rather than gathering
it (e.g., gaps in planetary rings and the asteroid belt). ...
– Ring formation is not by the resonances but by the centrifugal barrier."
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.3899v1
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"Nuclear rings, dust lanes, and nuclear spirals are common structures in the inner region of barred galaxies .... ...The rings form exactly at the radius where the residual angular momentum of inflowing gas balances the centrifugal force."
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017DDA....4820507S/abstract
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"knowing the resonances is insufficient to pin down the exact location of these nuclear rings. ... A round nuclear ring forms exactly at the radius where the residual angular momentum of infalling gas balances the centrifugal force ... ." (Astrophysical Journal, Volume 806, Issue 2, article id. 150, 16 pp. (2015).) https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02594
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"Nuclear rings form not by resonances but by the centrifugal barrier that the inflowing gas
driven by the bar potential cannot overcome." (Woong-Tae Kim 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1031 012005)
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"A barred spiral galaxy is a spiral galaxy with a central bar-shaped structure composed of stars.[1] ...
Edwin Hubble classified spiral galaxies of this type as "SB" (spiral, barred) in his Hubble sequence and arranged them into sub-categories based on how open the arms of the spiral are. SBa types feature tightly bound arms, while SBc types are at the other extreme and have loosely bound arms. SBb-type galaxies lie in between the two. SB0 is a barred lenticular galaxy. A new type, SBm, was subsequently created to describe somewhat irregular barred spirals, such as the Magellanic Clouds, which were once classified as irregular galaxies, but have since been found to contain barred spiral structures."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barred_spiral_galaxy
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"Magellanic spiral galaxies are (usually) dwarf galaxies which are classified as the type Sm (and SAm, SBm, SABm). They are galaxies with one single spiral arm, and are named after their prototype, the Large Magellanic Cloud, an SBm galaxy. ...
SAm galaxies are a type of unbarred spiral galaxy, while SBm are a type of barred spiral galaxy.[1] ...
dSm galaxies are dwarf spiral galaxies ... ."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellanic_spiral
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"Density wave theory or the Lin–Shu density wave theory is a theory proposed by C.C. Lin and Frank Shu in the mid-1960s to explain the spiral arm structure of spiral galaxies.[1][2] The Lin–Shu theory introduces the idea of long-lived quasistatic spiral structure (QSSS hypothesis).[1] In this hypothesis, the spiral pattern rotates in a particular angular frequency (pattern speed) ... . ...
Originally, astronomers had the idea that the arms of a spiral galaxy ... would become more and more tightly wound, since the matter nearer to the center of the galaxy rotates faster than the matter at the edge of the galaxy.[6] The arms would become indistinguishable ... after only a few orbits. This is called the winding problem.[7]
Lin & Shu proposed in 1964 that ... In the galaxy, stars, gas, dust, and other components move through the density waves, are compressed, and then move out of them.
More specifically, the density wave theory argues that the "gravitational attraction between stars at different radii" prevents the so-called winding problem, and actually maintains the spiral pattern.[8]"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_wave_theory
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"Certain authors advocate that the Milky Way features two distinct bars, one nestled within the other.[27] ... The bar may be surrounded by a ring called the 5-kpc ring that contains a large fraction of the molecular hydrogen present in the Milky Way, and most of the Milky Way's star formation activity."
"The complex astronomical radio source Sagittarius A appears to be located almost exactly at the Galactic Center and contains an intense compact radio source, Sagittarius A*, which coincides with a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. Accretion of gas onto the black hole, probably involving an accretion disk around it, would release energy to power the radio source, itself much larger than the black hole. ...
A study in 2008 which linked radio telescopes in Hawaii, Arizona and California (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) measured the diameter of Sagittarius A* to be 44 million kilometers (0.3 AU).[2][31] For comparison, ... the distance of Mercury from the Sun at closest approach (perihelion) is 46 million kilometers (0.3 AU). ...
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany using Chilean telescopes have confirmed the existence of a supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center, on the order of 4.3 million solar masses.[3]"
"In November 2010, it was announced that two large elliptical lobe structures of energetic plasma, termed "bubbles", which emit gamma- and X-rays, were detected astride the Milky Way galaxy's core.[44] These so-called "Fermi bubbles" extend up to about 25,000 light years above and below the galactic center.[44] ...
The bubbles are connected and seemingly coupled, via energy transport, to the galactic core by columnar structures of energetic plasma dubbed "chimneys".[48] They were seen in visible light[49] and optical measurements were made for the first time in 2020.[50]"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_Center
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"spin-flips were first discussed[3] in the context of a particular class of radio galaxy, the X-shaped radio sources. The X-shaped galaxies exhibit two, misaligned pairs of radio lobes: the "active" lobes and the "wings". It is believed that the wings are oriented in the direction of the jet prior to the spin-flip, and that the active lobes point in the current jet direction."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-flip
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"Sagittarius A* (pronounced "Sagittarius A-Star", abbreviated Sgr A*) is a bright and very compact astronomical radio source at the Galactic Center of the Milky Way. It is located near the border of the constellations Sagittarius and Scorpius, about 5.6° south of the ecliptic.[3] Sagittarius A* is the location of a supermassive black hole,[4][5][6] similar to those at the centers of most, if not all, spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies.
Observations of several stars orbiting Sagittarius A*, particularly star S2, have been used to determine the mass and upper limits on the radius of the object. ...
Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez were awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery that Sgr A* is a supermassive compact object ... .[8]"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_A*
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{The two rings (constituted of stars), at mutual right angles, concentrically surrounding some quasars, is highly reminiscent of the two rings, at mutual right angles, concentrically surrounding a gyroscope and providing its stability of rotation (i.e., absence of the praecession characterizing an ordinary whirligig lacking such massive concentric rings). It can be conjectured that, in a gyroscope, the two rings (correlated respectively with electrogravitic and magnetogravitic forcefields), at mutual right angles, are co-operatively able to hold steadily in place a standing gravitational wave-packet, whose steadfastness can keep halted any tendency toward praecession; and that the two rings (constituted of stars), at mutual right angles, concentrically surrounding some quasars, would have the same effect for the same reason. Absence of praecession may may make for a high intelligence capable of being attained and maintained in the living entities who are evolved in a galaxy centred on such a core-nucleus; if so, this would be because the intergalactic telepathic thought-tranference field-orientation would remain stabilized over the time-period (many millions of years) required for the evolution of such species. The stabilization may also (or alternatively) function is regard to mutual orientations of sectors of dream-universe and waking-universe. (Instable orientations may destabilize the networking of mind-connections between dream-universe and waking-universe, resulting in dazing of the minds of evolving living entities, perhaps in regard to their redincarnation patterns.)
That there are two very different standard sizes for devices (namely, gyroscope and galactic core) consisting of two rings at mutual right angles, could indicate two very different speeds of propagation of gravitational waves, one on the acoustic level of phonons, and the other at the level of proceeding tens of thousands of light-years in a tiny fraction of a second. The interrelation between these twain may be a sustaint on consciousness as retained within a living material-bodied entity, who is able to function simulataneously on both these levels -- the bodily level for interacting with other material-bodied persons, and the galactic level for interacting with supernatural beings, whether in dreaming or in intermediate states such as trancing or between one's successive lifespans which may involve transmigrating instantaneously into other galaxies.
The circular shape of each of the two rings, at mutual right angles, required in order to eliminate praecession from a gyroscope, is clearly indicative that the standing gravitational wave-packet is sphairical in shape, and that it becometh so oriented that it is confined to within those two rings (not being detectible outside of them) -- unlike an ordinary electric field or magnetic field, which are widely detectible. [written 2nd of December 2020]}
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