Astika-------------Bon-----------------Daoist--------------Iban----------------Maori
NorthWest --Vayu the wind-god (personifying the wind-tunnel with its straight-blowing winds, in contrast to whirlwinds) |
NorthWest --actual direction of <ol-mo-lun-rin (Olmaliq) from Bod, though variously said (A&S, pp. 481-3) to be to the W. or N.: approach to it is stated (A&S, p. 106) to be via "a great tunnel" pierced by "an arrow" |
"... he enters a mountain through a cave which leads to the" world of the dead (TB, p. 51) |
NorthWest --mountain to be traversed underground via tunnel, entrance whereto is guarded by "mad arrow" (laja) (ThWISh, p. 239) |
NorthWest -- (LWhW, p. 112, fn. 19) as the direction of Maranai = Hawai'ian malanai "Name of a gentle breeze" (HD) |
West -- Varun.a, cognate with [Hellenic] Olumpos the mountain |
{Cf. [Aztec migration-myth of] Culhuacan the "bent mountain", known also to the Choctaw in their migration-myth} |
West --overhanging mountain (ibid, p. 238) |
West? -- the great mountain Tawhiti-nui (LWhW, p. 113) |
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Southwest -- +DANU (OWhT, p. 513): with the +DANa[W]ides, women who wore deadly hair-pins in their hair, cf. the "hair-bridge" (RRWD, p. 455) walked by the dead |
SouthWest -- "bridge of terror" (titi rawan) (ibid., p. 240) |
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South -- Yama the ruler of the underworld |
South ---Taheke-roa(?) long descent into Raro-hena = volcano of Whakaru-ai-moko |
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SouthEast -- Agni the fire-god, praesiding over cremations: cf. "the circles of Yoginis that rise into the air at the conclusion of their cremation-ground rites" (KY, p. 231) |
NorthWest (sic!: catasteric?) (H&E, p. 197) -- "Twenty-eight gods link their arms" (ibid., p. 196): i.e., in circle. [These must be something other than the lunar mansions, who had been enumerated ibid., p. 127. Perhaps they are personified whirlwinds.] |
SouthEast? -- Te Ara-tiatia "the way [via] steps", ascended taiapo ("arm-in-arm") (LWhW, p. 128) into the sky upon titi (whirlwinds) |
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East -- Indra "ruler" |
"rulers .... dissolving back up the dmu thag ["sky rope"] at death and so leaving no corpses" (FBTB, p . 21) |
East -- "suspended rope" for ascension at Ara-toi-huarewa "way dangling" |
Of these, the Daoist, Iban, and Maori accounts are specifically asserted to be descriptions of alternative paths taken by souls of the dead.
A&S = Samten G. Karmay (ed.): The Arrow and the Spindle. Mandala Book Point, Kathmandu, 1998.
FBTB = Todd Allen Gibson: From Btsanpo to Btsan. PhD diss., Indiana U., 1991.
H&E = John S. Major: Heaven and Earth in Early Han Thought. State U. of NY Pr, 1993.
HD = Pukui & Elbert: Hawaiian Dictionary. U. Pr of HI, 1971.
KY = David Gordon White: Kiss of the Yogini. U. of Chicago Pr, 2003.
LWhW = S. Percy Smith (transl.): The Lore of the Whare-wananga. Part I. -- Te Kauwae-runga. New Plymouth (N.Z.): The Polynesian Society, 1913.
OWhT = John Ronald Newman: The Outer Wheel of Time. PhD diss., U. of WI at Madison, 1987.
RRWD = F. K. Litsas: "Rousalia: the Ritual Worship of the Dead." In:-- Agehananda Bharati: The Realm of the Extra-Human: Agents and Audiences. Mouton, The Hague. pp. 447-466
TB = Kristofer Schipper: The Taoist Body. Transl. from the French by Karen C. Duval. U. of CA Pr, 1993.
ThWISh = Clayton H. Chu: The Three Worlds of Iban Shamanism. PhD diss., Columbia U., 1978.